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March 01, 2020 article Open access Aachen paper

Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 247, pp. 33

DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab6bcb Full text (OA) OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract We present the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (4FGL) of γ -ray sources. Based on the first eight years of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the 3FGL catalog, the 4FGL catalog has twice as much exposure as well as a number of analysis improvements, including an updated model for the Galactic diffuse γ -ray emission, and two sets of light curves (one-year and two-month intervals). The 4FGL catalog includes 5064 sources above 4 σ significance, for which we provide localization and spectral properties. Seventy-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall, 358 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent, periodicity, or correlated variability observed at other wavelengths. For 1336 sources, we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 3130 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class, and 239 are pulsars.

Authors 99

  1. S. Abdollahi

    Hiroshima University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan

  2. F. Acero

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  3. M. Ackermann

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

  4. Marco Ajello

    Clemson University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA

  5. W. B. Atwood

    University of California, Santa Cruz

    Affiliation as printed

    Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

  6. M. Axelsson

    Stockholm University · AlbaNova · KTH Royal Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

    Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

  7. L. Baldini

    University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy

  8. Jean Jacques Ballet corresponding

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  9. Guido Barbiellini

    University of Trieste · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

  10. D. Bastieri

    University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy

  11. J. Becerra González

    Goddard Space Flight Center · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias · University of Maryland, College Park

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Observatorio del Teide, C/Via Lactea, s/n, E38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  12. R. Bellazzini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

  13. A. Berretta

    University of Perugia

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

  14. E. Bissaldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  15. Roger D. Blandford

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  16. E. D. Bloom

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  17. R. Bonino

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy

  18. E. Bottacini

    University of Padua · SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  19. T. J. Brandt

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  20. J. Bregeon

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Montpellier · Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France

  21. P. Bruel

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · École Polytechnique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

  22. R. Buehler

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

  23. T. H. Burnett corresponding

    University of Washington

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA

  24. Sara Buson

    University of Würzburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Theoretische Physik and Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany

  25. R. A. Cameron

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  26. R. Caputo

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  27. P. A. Caraveo

    Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy

  28. J. M. Casandjian

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  29. Daniel Castro

    Goddard Space Flight Center · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian

    Affiliation as printed

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  30. E. Cavazzuti

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy

  31. E. Charles

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  32. S. Chaty

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  33. Sina Chen

    University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy

  34. C. C. Cheung

    United States Naval Research Laboratory · Naval Research Laboratory Space Science Division

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA

  35. Graziano Chiaro

    Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy

  36. S. Ciprini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy

    Space Science Data Center—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico, snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy

  37. J. Cohen-Tanugi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Montpellier · Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France

  38. L. R. Cominsky

    Sonoma State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928-3609, USA

  39. Javier Coronado-Blázquez

    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Instituto de Física Teórica · Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

    Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain

  40. D. Costantin

    University of Padua

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Padua, Department of Statistical Science, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy

  41. A. Cuoco Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy

    RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, (TTK), D-52056 Aachen, Germany

  42. S. Cutini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

  43. Filippo D'Ammando

    Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

  44. M. DeKlotz

    Stellar Solutions (United States)

    Affiliation as printed

    Stellar Solutions Inc., 250 Cambridge Avenue, Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA

  45. Pedro De la Torre Luque

    Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  46. Abhishek Desai

    Clemson University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA

  47. S. W. Digel corresponding

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  48. Niccolò Di Lalla corresponding

    University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy

  49. Mattia Di Mauro corresponding

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  50. L. Di Venere corresponding

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  51. A. Domínguez

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Affiliation as printed

    Grupo de Altas Energías, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

  52. D. Dumora

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France

  53. F. Dirirsa

    University of Johannesburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa

  54. S. Fegan

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · École Polytechnique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

  55. E. C. Ferrara

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  56. A. Franckowiak

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

  57. Y. Fukazawa

    Hiroshima University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan

  58. S. Funk

    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

    Affiliation as printed

    Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

  59. P. Fusco

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  60. F. Gargano

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  61. D. Gasparrini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy

    Space Science Data Center—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico, snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy

  62. N. Giglietto corresponding

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  63. Paolo Giommi

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Data Center—Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico, snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy

  64. F. Giordano

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  65. M. Giroletti

    Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

  66. T. Glanzman

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  67. D. Green

    Max Planck Institute for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany

  68. I. A. Grenier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  69. S. Griffin

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  70. M.-H. Grondin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France

  71. J. E. Grove

    United States Naval Research Laboratory · Naval Research Laboratory Space Science Division

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA

  72. S. Guiriec

    Goddard Space Flight Center · George Washington University

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

    The George Washington University, Department of Physics, 725 21st St, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA

  73. Alice Kust Harding

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  74. Katsuhiro Hayashi

    Nagoya University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602, Japan

  75. Elizabeth A. Hays

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  76. J. W. Hewitt

    University of North Florida

    Affiliation as printed

    University of North Florida, Department of Physics, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA

  77. D. Horan

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · École Polytechnique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

  78. G. Jóhannesson

    Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics · Stockholm University · University of Iceland · KTH Royal Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Nordita, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

    Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland

  79. T. J. Johnson

    George Mason University

    Affiliation as printed

    College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA

  80. T. Kamae

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

  81. Matthew T. Kerr

    United States Naval Research Laboratory · Naval Research Laboratory Space Science Division

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA

  82. Dale D. Kocevski

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

  83. Milos Kovacevic

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

  84. M. Kuss

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

  85. D. Landriu

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  86. Stefan Larsson

    Dalarna University · AlbaNova · KTH Royal Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

    School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Natural Science, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden

    The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

  87. L. Latronico

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy

  88. Marianne Lemoine-Goumard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France

  89. Jian Li

    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

  90. Ioannis Liodakis

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  91. Francesco Longo

    University of Trieste · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

  92. F. Loparco

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

  93. B. Lott corresponding

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France

  94. Michael N. Lovellette corresponding

    United States Naval Research Laboratory · Naval Research Laboratory Space Science Division

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA

  95. P. Lubrano

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

  96. Grzegorz M. Madejski

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory · Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology · Stanford University

    Affiliation as printed

    W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

  97. S. Maldera

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy

  98. Dmitry V. Malyshev

    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

    Affiliation as printed

    Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

  99. Alberto Manfreda

    University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy

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